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CHEM 125A - Freshman Organic Chemistry I

Lecture 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers. Despite cautions from their conservative elders, young chemists like Paterno and van't Hoff began interpreting molecular graphs in terms of the arrangement of a molecule's atoms in 3-dimensional space. Benzene was one such case, but still more significant was the prediction, based on puzzling isomerism involving "optical activity," that molecules could be "chiral," that is, right- or left-handed. Louis Pasteur effected the first artificial separation of racemic acid into tartaric acid and its mirror-image. (from oyc.yale.edu)

Lecture 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers

Time Lecture Chapters
[00:00:00] 1. Venturing into 3-D Arrangements of a Molecule's Atoms
[00:11:41] 2. Exchanges between van't Hoff and Ladenburg on Aromaticity and Chirality
[00:22:58] 3. In-Class Observations and Experiments on Chirality
[00:39:14] 4. Louis Pasteur's Artificial Separation of Racemic Acid

References
Lecture 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers
Instructor: Professor J. Michael McBride. Resources: Professor McBride's website resource for CHEM 125 (Fall 2008). Transcript [html]. Audio [mp3]. Download Video [mov].

Go to the Course Home or watch other lectures:

Lecture 01 - How do You Know?
Lecture 02 - Force Laws, Lewis Structures and Resonance
Lecture 03 - Double Minima, Earnshaw's Theorem, and Plum-Puddings
Lecture 04 - Coping with Smallness and Scanning Probe Microscopy
Lecture 05 - X-Ray Diffraction
Lecture 06 - Seeing Bonds by Electron Difference Density
Lecture 07 - Quantum Mechanical Kinetic Energy
Lecture 08 - One-Dimensional Wave Functions
Lecture 09 - Chladni Figures and One Electron Atoms
Lecture 10 - Reality and the Orbital Approximation
Lecture 11 - Orbital Correction and Plum-Pudding Molecules
Lecture 12 - Overlap and Atom-Pair Bonds
Lecture 13 - Overlap and Energy-Match
Lecture 14 - Checking Hybridization Theory with XH3
Lecture 15 - Chemical Reactivity: SOMO, HOMO, and LUMO
Lecture 16 - Recognizing Functional Groups
Lecture 17 - Reaction Analogies and Carbonyl Reactivity
Lecture 18 - Amide, Carboxylic Acid and Alkyl Lithium
Lecture 19 - Oxygen and the Chemical Revolution (Beginning to 1789)
Lecture 20 - Rise of the Atomic Theory (1790-1805)
Lecture 21 - Berzelius to Liebig and Wohler (1805-1832)
Lecture 22 - Radical and Type Theories (1832-1850)
Lecture 23 - Valence Theory and Constitutional Structure (1858)
Lecture 24 - Determining Chemical Structure by Isomer Counting (1869)
Lecture 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers
Lecture 26 - Van't Hoff's Tetrahedral Carbon and Chirality
Lecture 27 - Communicating Molecular Structure in Diagrams and Words
Lecture 28 - Stereochemical Nomenclature; Racemization and Resolution
Lecture 29 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and the Mechanism of Optical Rotation
Lecture 30 - Esomeprazole as an Example of Drug Testing and Usage
Lecture 31 - Preparing Single Enantiomers and Conformational Energy
Lecture 32 - Stereotopicity and Baeyer Strain Theory
Lecture 33 - Conformational Energy and Molecular Mechanics
Lecture 34 - Sharpless Oxidation Catalysts and the Conformation of Cycloalkanes
Lecture 35 - Understanding Molecular Structure and Energy Through Standard Bonds
Lecture 36 - Bond Energies, the Boltzmann Factor and Entropy
Lecture 37 - Potential Energy Surfaces, Transition State Theory and Reaction Mechanism