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2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics

2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics (Spring 2024, MIT OCW). Instructor: Prof. Gian Paolo Beretta. This course is a self-contained concise review of general thermodynamics concepts, multicomponent equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium, electrochemical potentials, and chemical kinetics, as needed to introduce the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and to provide a unified understanding of phase equilibria, transport, and nonequilibrium phenomena useful for future energy and climate engineering technologies. Applications include second-law efficiencies and methods to allocate primary energy consumptions and CO₂ emissions in cogeneration and hybrid power systems, minimum work of separation, maximum work of mixing, osmotic pressure and membrane equilibria, metastable states, spinodal decomposition, and Onsager's near-equilibrium reciprocity in thermodiffusive, thermoelectric, and electrokinetic cross effects. (from ocw.mit.edu)

Definitions of System, Property, State, and Weight Process; First Law and Energy


Lecture 01 - Definitions of System, Property, State, and Weight Process; First Law and Energy
Lecture 02 - Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle
Lecture 03 - Energy vs Entropy Diagrams to Represent Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States
Lecture 04 - Temperature, Pressure, Chemical Potentials; the Clausius Statement of the Second Law
Lecture 05 - Definition of Heat Interaction; First and Second Law Efficiencies
Lecture 06 - Free Energies, Available Energies, and Stability Conditions
Lecture 07 - Availability Functions and the LeChatelier-Braun Principle
Lecture 08 - Few versus Many Principles: The Euler Relation; Review of Various Forms of Energy (Part I)
Lecture 09 - Minimum Work of Partitioning Small Systems; The Gibbs Phase Rule; The Van der Waals Model
Lecture 10 - Review of Various Forms of Energy (Part II); Allocation of Consumptions in Cogeneration
Lecture 11 - Allocation in Hybrid Power Production; Chemical Potentials and Partial Pressures
Lecture 12 - Ideal Mixture Behavior; Work from Reversible Mixing; Entropy of Irreversible Mixing
Lecture 13 - The Gibbs Paradox; Shannon Information Entropy; Single Quantum Particle in a Box
Lecture 14 - Ideal Solution Model; Osmotic Pressure; Blue Energy; Minimum Work of Separation
Lecture 15 - Stratification in Gas and Liquid Mixtures; Liquid-Vapor Spinodal Decomposition
Lecture 16 - Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in Mixtures; Ideal and Excess Chemical Potentials
Lecture 17 - Liquid-Liquid Spinodal Decomposition; Introduction to Systems with Chemical Reactions
Lecture 18 - Properties of Reaction; Heating Values and Energy of Fuels; Adiabatic Flame Temperature
Lecture 19 - Affinity and Nonequilibrium Law of Mass Action; Potential Energy Surface
Lecture 20 - Chemical Kinetics; The Arrhenius Law; Degree of Disequilibrium; Principle of Detailed Balance
Lecture 21 - Introduction to Nonequilibrium Theory; Onsager Reciprocity and Maximum Entropy Reduction
Lecture 22 - Definition of "Heat&Diffusion" Interaction; Diffusive and Convective Fluxes
Lecture 23 - Direct and Cross Effects; General Principles of Entropy Production; The Fourth Law
Lecture 24 - Relative Diffusion Fluxes; Thermoelectric Effects
Lecture 25 - Thermoelectric Effects; Multicomponent Transport

References
2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics (Spring 2024)
Instructor: Prof. Gian Paolo Beretta. Lecture Slides. Homework and Assignment. This course is a self-contained concise review of general thermodynamics concepts, multicomponent equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium, electrochemical potentials, and chemical kinetics.