2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics (Spring 2024, MIT OCW): Lecture 23 - Direct and Cross Effects; General Principles of Entropy Production; The Fourth Law

2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics

2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics (Spring 2024, MIT OCW). Instructor: Prof. Gian Paolo Beretta. This course is a self-contained concise review of general thermodynamics concepts, multicomponent equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium, electrochemical potentials, and chemical kinetics, as needed to introduce the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and to provide a unified understanding of phase equilibria, transport, and nonequilibrium phenomena useful for future energy and climate engineering technologies. Applications include second-law efficiencies and methods to allocate primary energy consumptions and CO₂ emissions in cogeneration and hybrid power systems, minimum work of separation, maximum work of mixing, osmotic pressure and membrane equilibria, metastable states, spinodal decomposition, and Onsager's near-equilibrium reciprocity in thermodiffusive, thermoelectric, and electrokinetic cross effects. (from ocw.mit.edu)

Lecture 23 - Direct and Cross Effects; General Principles of Entropy Production; The Fourth Law

Entropy production as sum of force-flux products. Linear force-flux laws for direct effects (Fourier, Fick, Ohm, Navier). Cross effects. The Curie symmetry principle. Steepest entropy ascent and Fourth Law. Minimum global entropy production at steady state.

Go to the Course Home or watch other lectures:

Lecture 01 - Definitions of System, Property, State, and Weight Process; First Law and Energy

Lecture 02 - Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle

Lecture 03 - Energy vs Entropy Diagrams to Represent Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States

Lecture 04 - Temperature, Pressure, Chemical Potentials; the Clausius Statement of the Second Law

Lecture 05 - Definition of Heat Interaction; First and Second Law Efficiencies

Lecture 06 - Free Energies, Available Energies, and Stability Conditions

Lecture 07 - Availability Functions and the LeChatelier-Braun Principle

Lecture 08 - Few versus Many Principles: The Euler Relation; Review of Various Forms of Energy (Part I)

Lecture 09 - Minimum Work of Partitioning Small Systems; The Gibbs Phase Rule; The Van der Waals Model

Lecture 10 - Review of Various Forms of Energy (Part II); Allocation of Consumptions in Cogeneration

Lecture 11 - Allocation in Hybrid Power Production; Chemical Potentials and Partial Pressures