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Basic Electrical Circuits

Basic Electrical Circuits. Instructor: Dr. Nagendra Krishnapura, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras. The course begins with an introduction to basic linear elements used in electrical circuits. Mesh and node analysis for systematic analysis of large circuits will be studied. Fundamental circuit theorems and their use in analysis will be discussed. Two port parameters used for abstracting out the behaviour of complex circuits will be described. The notion of negative feedback, and the opamp as an element for implementing negative feedback circuits will be discussed. Differential equations are introduced as tools for analyzing circuits with memory. Sinusoidal steady state analysis for simple analysis of such circuits will be studied. (from nptel.ac.in)

Lecture 10 - Capacitor

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Preliminaries; Current and Voltage; Electrical Elements and Circuits; Kirchhoff's Laws

Lecture 01 - Preliminaries

Lecture 02 - Current

Lecture 03 - Voltage

Lecture 04 - Electrical Elements and Circuits

Lecture 05 - Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Lecture 06 - Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Basic Elements: Current and Voltage Sources; R, L, C, M; Linearity of Elements

Lecture 07 - Voltage Source

Lecture 08 - Current Source

Lecture 09 - Resistor

Lecture 10 - Capacitor

Lecture 11 - Inductor

Lecture 12 - Mutual Inductor

Lecture 13 - Linearity of Elements

Elements in Series and Parallel

Lecture 14 - Series Connection - Voltage Sources in Series

Lecture 15 - Series Connection of R, L, C Current Source

Lecture 16 - Elements in Parallel

Lecture 17 - Current Source in Series with an Element; Voltage Source in Parallel with an Element

Lecture 18 - Extreme Cases: Open and Short Circuits

Lecture 19 - Summary

Controlled Sources

Lecture 20 - Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)

Lecture 21 - Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS)

Lecture 22 - Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)

Lecture 23 - Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS)

Lecture 24 - Realizing a Resistance using VCCS or CCCS

Lecture 25 - Scaling an Element's Value using Controlled Sources

Lecture 26 - Example Calculation

Power and Energy in Circuits

Lecture 27 - Power and Energy Absorbed by Electrical Elements

Lecture 28 - Power and Energy in a Resistor

Lecture 29 - Power and Energy in a Capacitor

Lecture 30 - Power and Energy in an Inductor

Lecture 31 - Power and Energy in a Voltage Source

Lecture 32 - Power and Energy in a Current Source

Circuit Analysis Methods

Lecture 33 - Goals of Circuit Analysis

Lecture 34 - Number of Independent KCL Equations

Lecture 35 - Number of Independent KVL Equations and Branch Relationships

Lecture 36 - Analysis of Circuits with a Single Independent Source

Lecture 37 - Analysis of Circuits with Multiple Independent Sources using Superposition

Lecture 38 - Superposition: Example

Nodal Analysis

Lecture 39 - What is Nodal Analysis?

Lecture 40 - Setting up Nodal Analysis Equations

Lecture 41 - Structure of the Conductance Matrix

Lecture 42 - How Elements Appear in the Nodal Analysis Formulation

Lecture 43 - Completely Solving the Circuit Starting from Nodal Analysis

Lecture 44 - Nodal Analysis Example

Lecture 45 - Matrix Inversion Basics

Extending Nodal Analysis with Different Sources

Lecture 46 - Nodal Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources

Lecture 47 - Supernode for Nodal Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources

Lecture 48 - Nodal Analysis with VCCS

Lecture 49 - Nodal Analysis with VCVS

Lecture 50 - Nodal Analysis with CCVS

Lecture 51 - Nodal Analysis with CCCS

Lecture 52 - Nodal Analysis Summary

Mesh Analysis

Lecture 53 - Planar Circuits

Lecture 54 - Mesh Currents and their Relationship to Branch Currents

Lecture 55 - Mesh Analysis

Lecture 56 - Mesh Analysis with Independent Current Sources - Supermesh

Lecture 57 - Mesh Analysis with Current Controlled Voltage Sources

Lecture 58 - Mesh Analysis with Current Controlled Current Sources

Lecture 59 - Mesh Analysis using Voltage Controlled Sources

Lecture 60 - Nodal Analysis vs Mesh Analysis

Circuit Theorems

Lecture 61 - Superposition Theorem

Lecture 62 - Pushing a Voltage Source through a Node

Lecture 63 - Splitting a Current Source

Lecture 64 - Substitution Theorem: Current Source

Lecture 65 - Substitution Theorem: Voltage Source

Lecture 66 - Substituting a Voltage or Current Source with a Resistor

More Circuit Theorems

Lecture 67 - Extensions to Superposition and Substitution Theorem

Lecture 68 - Thevenin's Theorem

Lecture 69 - Worked Out Example: Thevenin's Theorem

Lecture 70 - Norton's Theorem

Lecture 71 - Worked Out Example: Norton's Theorem

Lecture 72 - Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Two Port Parameters

Lecture 73 - Preliminaries

Lecture 74 - Two Port Parameters

Lecture 75 - Y Parameters

Lecture 76 - Y Parameters: Examples

Lecture 77 - Z Parameters

Lecture 78 - Z Parameters: Examples

Lecture 79 - H Parameters

Lecture 80 - H Parameters: Examples

Lecture 81 - G Parameters

Lecture 82 - G Parameters: Examples

Lecture 83 - Calculations with a Two-port Element

Lecture 84 - Calculations with a Two-port Element (cont.)

Lecture 85 - Degenerate Cases

Lecture 86 - Relationship between Different Two-port Parameters

Lecture 87 - Equivalent Circuit Representation for Two Ports

Reciprocity in Resistive Networks

Lecture 88 - Reciprocity

Lecture 89 - Proof of Reciprocity of Resistive Two Ports

Lecture 90 - Proof for 4-Terminal Two Ports

Lecture 91 - Reciprocity in terms of Different Two Port Parameters

Lecture 92 - Reciprocity in Circuits Containing Controlled Sources

Lecture 93 - Examples

Op-Amp and Negative Feedback

Lecture 94 - Feedback Amplifier using an Op-Amp

Lecture 95 - Ideal Op-Amp

Lecture 96 - Negative Feedback around the Op-Amp

Lecture 97 - Finding Op-Amp Signs for Negative Feedback

Lecture 98 - Example: Determining Op-Amp Signs for Negative Feedback

Lecture 99 - Analysis of Circuits with Op-Amps

Op-Amps: Example Circuits and Additional Topics

Lecture 100 - Inverting Amplifier

Lecture 101 - Summing Amplifier

Lecture 102 - Instrumentation Amplifier

Lecture 103 - Negative Resistance and Miller Effect

Lecture 104 - Finding Op-Amp Signs for Negative Feedback Circuits with Multiple Op-Amps

Lecture 105 - Op-Amp Supply Voltages and Saturation

Lecture 106 - KCL with an Op-Amp and Supply Currents

First Order Circuits

Lecture 107 - Circuits with Storage Elements (Capacitors and Inductors)

Lecture 108 - First Order Circuit with Zero Input - Natural Response

Lecture 109 - First Order Circuit with Zero Input - Example

Lecture 110 - First Order Circuit with a Constant Input

Lecture 111 - General Form of the First Order Circuit Response

Lecture 112 - First Order RC Circuit with a Constant Input - Example

Lecture 113 - First Order Circuit with Piecewise Constant Input

Lecture 114 - First Order Circuit with Piecewise Constant Input - Example

Lecture 115 - First Order Circuit - Response of Arbitrary Circuit Variables

Lecture 116 - Summary: Computing First Order Circuit Response

First Order Circuits with with Discontinuities

Lecture 117 - Does a Capacitor Block DC?

Lecture 118 - Finding the Order of a Circuit

Lecture 119 - First Order RC Circuits with Discontinuous Capacitor Voltages

Lecture 120 - Summary: Computing First Order Circuit Response with Discontinuities

Lecture 121 - First Order RL Circuits

Lecture 122 - First Order RL Circuits with Discontinuous Inductor Current - Example

First Order Circuits with Time-Varying Inputs

Lecture 123 - First Order RC Circuit with an Exponential Input

Lecture 124 - First Order RC Response to its Own Natural Response

Lecture 125 - First Order RC Response to a Sinusoidal Input

Lecture 126 - First Order RC Response to a Sinusoidal Input via the Complex Exponential

Lecture 127 - Summary: Linear Circuit Response to Sinusoidal Input via the Complex Exponential

Sinusoidal Steady State Response and Total Response

Lecture 128 - Three Methods of Calculating the Sinusoidal Steady State Response

Lecture 129 - Calculating the Total Response Including Initial Conditions

Lecture 130 - Why are Sinusoids Used in Measurement?

Second Order System

Lecture 131 - Second Order System - Natural Response

Lecture 132 - Second Order System as a Cascade of Two First Order Systems

Lecture 133 - Second Order System - Natural Response; Critically Damped and Underdamped

Lecture 134 - General Form of a Second Order System

Lecture 135 - Numerical Example

Lecture 136 - Series and Parallel RLC Circuits

Lecture 137 - Forced Response of a Second Order System

Direct Calculation of Steady State Response from Equivalent Components

Lecture 138 - Steady State Response Calculation and Phasors

Lecture 139 - Phasors (cont.)

Magnitude and Phasor Plots; Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Lecture 140 - Magnitude and Phasor Plots

Lecture 141 - Magnitude and Phasor Plots of a Second Order System

Lecture 142 - Maximum Power Transfer and Conjugate Matching