The Monsoon and its Variability. Instructor: Prof. Sulochana Gadgil, Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, IISc Bangalore. In this course, observations of the monsoon and its variability on different spatial and temporal scales will be discussed. The necessary background for understanding the physics of the monsoon and its variability involves basic understanding of cloud systems in the tropics, tropical dynamics as well as of phenomena such as El Nino to which it is linked. After a detailed exposition of the background, the present understanding about the nature of the system responsible for the monsoon and mechanisms which lead to its variability will be elucidated. Skill of the state of art models in simulating and predicting the variability of the monsoon will be assessed and problems and prospects of improvement of predictions will be considered. In addition, the impact of the Indian monsoon on agriculture and the economy will be discussed.
(from nptel.ac.in)
| Introduction to the Indian Monsoon and its Variability |
| Lecture 01 - Preamble and Introduction to the Indian Monsoon |
| Lecture 02 - Nature of the Variability of the Indian Monsoon |
| Lecture 03 - Monsoon Variability through the Eye in the Sky, Seasonal Variation of the Surface Wind and Pressure |
| Background: Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, Rotating Systems |
| Lecture 04 - Background about the Atmosphere and Rotating Systems |
| Tropical Convection and Rainfall |
| Lecture 05 - Rainfall and Clouds over the Tropics |
| Lecture 06 - Organization of Clouds over Mesoscale, Synoptic Scale and Planetary Scales |
| Basic System Responsible for the Monsoon |
| Lecture 07 - The Indian Monsoon: Is it a Gigantic Land-sea Breeze? |
| Lecture 08 - Monsoons and the Seasonal Variation of Tropical Circulation and Rainfall |
| Lecture 09 - Evolution of the Ideas about the Basic System Responsible for the Indian Monsoon |
| Lecture 10 - Evolution of the Ideas about the Basic System Responsible for the Indian Monsoon (cont.) |
| Tropical Convergence Zones (TCZs) and the Indian Monsoon |
| Lecture 11 - Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian Monsoon |
| Lecture 12 - Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian Monsoon |
| Convection over the Oceans |
| Lecture 13 - Variability of Organized Convection over the Tropical Oceans |
| Heat Lows, TCZ, Monsoonal Regions |
| Lecture 14 - Heat Lows and the TCZ |
| Lecture 15 - Monsoonal Regions of the World |
| Seasonal Transitions, Climatic Clusters |
| Lecture 16 - Seasonal Transitions - Spring to Summer Transition |
| Lecture 17 - Seasonal Transitions - Spring to Summer Transition (cont.) |
| Lecture 18 - Seasonal Transitions - Advance and Retreat of the Summer Monsoon |
| Lecture 19 - Climatic Clusters of the Indian Region |
| Intraseasonal Variation |
| Lecture 20 - Active-weak Spells and Breaks in the Monsoon |
| Lecture 21 - Active-weak Spells and Breaks in the Monsoon (cont.) |
| Lecture 22 - Intraseasonal Variation and Intraseasonal Oscillations |
| Background Tropical Oceans |
| Lecture 23 - The Tropical Oceans |
| El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) |
| Lecture 24 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 1 |
| Lecture 25 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 2 |
| Lecture 26 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 3 |
| Lecture 27 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 4 |
| Lecture 28 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 5 |
| Lecture 29 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 6 |
| Indian Ocean and the Monsoon |
| Lecture 30 - Indian Ocean and the Monsoon |
| Lecture 31 - Indian Ocean and the Monsoon (cont.) |
| Lecture 32 - Indian Ocean Dipole |
| Lecture 33 - Indian Ocean Dipole (cont.) |
| Interannual Variation of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall |
| Lecture 34 - Interannual Variation of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall |
| Monsoon Variability, Agriculture and Economy |
| Lecture 35 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 1 |
| Lecture 36 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 2 |
| Lecture 37 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 3 |
| Lecture 38 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 4 |
| Lecture 39 - Indian Summer Monsoon, GDP and Agriculture |
| Monsoon Prediction and Concluding Remarks |
| Lecture 40 - Monsoon Prediction |
| Lecture 41 - Monsoon Prediction (cont.) |
| Lecture 42 - Concluding Remarks |